Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow)
2019, 20(4): 3-13
TOPICAL PAPERS

NEUROSPECIFIC PROTEINS OF S100 FAMILY AND METAL-LIGAND HOMEOSTASIS IN ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

L.L. Klimenko ¹, A.I. Deev ¹, I.S. Baskakov ¹, M.N. Budanova ¹, A. Kh. Zabirova ², A.N. Mazilina ³ , M.S. Savostina ³

¹N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics in Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str., 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
² Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky av., 27k1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
³ Hospital № 123 of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-4-3-13 

ABSTRACT. Investigation of pathogenic pathways underlying brain ischemia remains one of the most important topics in modern science, both for finding new biomarkers and development of treatment strategies. According to many studies, proteins of S100 family play an important role in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers or predictors of neurologic outcome in patients with ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. The aim of this review is to briefly describe the pleiotropic effects of this proteins, their role in metal-ligand homeostasis and their use as biomarkers in ischemic damage of brain tissue. S100 protein family consists of 18 tissue-specific monomers, some of which are neurospecific and present in astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. The ability of S100 proteins to bind metal ions, such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ is one of the most important properties of these proteins, that modulates many of their effects. These proteins are involved in control of energy metabolism in the cell, calcium homeostasis, cell cycle, functions of cytoskeleton, transcription and expression of other proteins, proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, their mobility, secretion, structural organization of biomembranes, cell death through apoptotic pathways. Binding of metal ions, such as Zn2+, can lead to conformational changes of S100 proteins, influencing their properties, such as binding to growth factor receptors or ability to bind Ca2+. However, many of me-chanisms, underlying role of S100 members in brain ischemia, require further investigation, that is important both for clinical medicine and basic science.

KEYWORDS: S100, stroke, metal-ligand homeostasis, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu.