Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow)
2019, 20(3): 12-19
TOPICAL PAPERS

HYPOSIDEROSIS AS THE FORM OF MICROELEVENTOSIS WITH IRON METABOLISM DISORDER

O.A. Smirnov, O.N. Smirnova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Piskariovsky pr., 47, 195067, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-3-12-19 

ABSTRACT. The main forms of microelementosis with iron metabolism disorder are hyposiderosis (iron deficiency), hypersiderosis (iron overload) and dissiderosis ((a faulted) redistribution of iron between functional and storage pools). In the discussion article reviewed notions about hyposiderosis, its periods, stages and variants. The periods of hyposiderosis are latent, clinical and morphological manifestation, and recovery. The characteristics of the latent period are: normal haemogram of the peripheral blood, absence of hyposideremia, lowering (depletion) of the iron storage pool, intensification of the intestinal iron absorption. There are two stages of the period of clinical and morphological manifestation  preanemic and anemic. The preanemic stage includes clinical syndrome of sideropenia, hyposideremia and normal haemogram of the peripheral blood. In the anemic stage sideropenic syndrome and hyposideremia progress, and the main sign  iron deficiency anemia  develops. The period of recovery is characterized by normalization of haematopoiesis, haemogram and the status of a patient. Two variants of hyposiderosis exist. The primary variants of hyposiderosis embrace diseases associated with mutations of iron regulatory genes, f. ex. rare Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia associated with mutations in TMPRSS6 gene, encoding serine protease Matriptase 2, that inhibits haemojuvelin – specific hepcidin modulator. Most often and well known secondary hyposiderosis is caused by physiologically increased iron requirements in children, teens, young and pregnant women, by reduced iron intake, or by pathological defective absorption or chronic blood loss.

KEYWORDS: microelementosis with iron metabolism disorder; hyposiderosis, forms, stages, variants.