Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow)
2018, 19(1): 24-34
TOPICAL PAPER

CADMIUM AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF MEN

I.V. Zhegalova1,2, Z.V. Chumakova1, V.V. Yurasov2

1 The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
2 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUSN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2018-19-1-24-34 

ABSTRACT. This article provides a brief overview of the existing data on the effects of cadmium on male reproductive function. The results of experimental studies using laboratory animals and cells presented in the review support the toxic role of cadmium at both high and low doses with respect to the reproductive organs. The interdependence between the exposure of cadmium and the alteration of reproductive function is also observed in humans. It is established that the intake of cadmium can significantly reduce sperm motility, fertilization rate, sperm volume and increase the proportion of defective and immature spermatozoa, depending on the concentration and duration of toxicant exposure. The sources of cadmium contamination as well as the ways of affecting the organism are described. It is assumed that the main mechanisms underlying the toxic effect of cadmium in the reproductive system include structural damage of the vasculature of the testicle and the hematotesticular barrier, inflammation and oxidative stress. Cd-induced endocrine disruption is the result of a strong estrogen-like and androgen-like action of Cd. Understanding the nature and mechanisms of these interrelations is necessary for the development of pharmacological correction and nutrient methods for environmentally-caused reproductive disorders.

KEYWORDS: cadmium, fertility, ejaculate, motility, vitality, sperm quality.