ABSTRACT.
Respiratory diseases are a significant health problem for children, as they can lead to serious com-plications and deterioration in the quality of life. It is important to understand how biochemical processes in the body can affect the predisposition to such diseases.
Aim of the study – analysis of daily fluctuations in macro- and microelements, as well as the level of cortisol in the urine of children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases (RRD).
Materials and Methods. A total of 160 children aged 5 to 7 years were examined and divided into two groups: the first group included 60 children who rarely suffered from respiratory diseases, and the second group included 100 children with frequent respiratory infections. The elemental status and adrenal function in children were assessed using a non-invasive method – urine testing.
Results. According to the data obtained, in children who rarely suffer from acute respiratory infections, the maximum levels of elements such as copper, zinc, manganese and calcium are observed during the daytime. This may indicate that healthy children have a certain rhythm, which is maintained by the optimal level of these elements in the body. At the same time, in children with RRD, it was noted that the average daily concentrations of copper and zinc in the urine are significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to their healthy peers. This may indicate that the body is trying to compensate for the deficiency of these elements or the presence of inflammatory processes that require an increased level of these microelements. In addition, children with RRD have a decrease in the amplitude of fluctuations in the level of calcium and manganese in the urine (p < 0.05). Stressful conditions associated with frequent respiratory diseases lead to changes in the functioning of the pituitary-adrenal system, which in turn causes a shift in cortical activity to night and early morning hours. This is manifested both in an increase in the average daily level of cortisol (p < 0.05) and in the amplitude of its fluctuations (p < 0.05) in the urine.
Conclusion. Thus, the study of biological rhythms of macro- and microelements, as well as cortisol levels, can help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the predisposition of children to frequent respiratory infections. These data can form the basis for the development of modern methods for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in children, including the correction of microelement deficiency and stress management.
KEYWORDS: macro- and microelements, cortisol, urine, circadian rhythm, children, recurrent respiratory diseases.
For citation: Mandrov S.I., Zhdanova L.A., Shishova A.V., Ivanova I.V., Laryushkina R.M. Diurnal rhythms of macro- and microelements, urine cortisol in children with recurrent respiratory diseases. Trace elemets in medicine. 2025;26(2):41-47. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2025-26-2-41-47.
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Information about the authors:
S.I. Mandrov – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Outpatient Pediatrics; SPIN: 3463-7352
L.A. Zhdanova – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Outpatient Pediatrics; ORCID: 0000-0003-2172-4465; SPIN: 7224-7822
A.V. Shishova – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Outpatient Pediatrics; ORCID: 0000-0003-0471-0790; SPIN: 4416-1125
I.V. Ivanova – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Outpatient Pediatrics; ORCID: 0000-0002-3553-4470; SPIN: 2074-6669
R.M. Laryushkina – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; ORCID: 0000-0001-6262-9259; SPIN: 1183-3045
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.