ABSTRACT. The article presents literature data covering the ecological and medical problems of iodine deficiency and excess. It shows iodine consumption standards, provides criteria for iodine deficiency, and lists associated diseases. It examines the problems of iodine excess, which is a more common cause of thyroid pathology than iodine deficiency. It shows possible causes of excessive iodine consumption and identifies iodine-induced diseases.
KEYWORDS: iodine, deficiency, excess, thyroid pathology.
For citation: Gorbachev A.L. Ecological and medical problems of iodine deficiency and excess (Literature review). Trace elemets in medicine. 2025;26(1):17−22. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2025-26-1-17-22
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