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Trace Elements in Medicine
International scientific and practical peer-reviewed journal
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ROLE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

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L.L. Klimenko1, A.V. Skalny2, A.N. Mazilina2,3

1 N.N. Semenov Institute of chemical physics in Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kosygina str., 4, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

2 Peoples Friendship University of Russia,
Mikluho-Maklaya str., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

3 Hospital № 123 of FMBA of Russia,
Krasnogorsk highway, 15, Moscow region, Russian Federation

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ABSTRACT. The literature review analyzes the results of modern studies of the role of macro- and trace elements in the etiopathogenesis of ischemic stroke. The VEGF family of neurospecific proteins is a vascular growth factor responsible for angiogenesis and neurogenesis and has neuroprotective properties. The VEGF protein line shares this role with an inorganic factor, metal-ligand homeostasis. Macro- and trace elements are an integral part of the neurotrophic system of the brain. A change in macro- and trace element balance is a harbinger of the growing non-optimality of the CNS and a marker of neurotrophic dysfunctions long before their clinical manifestations. In modern literature, an analysis was made of the participation of a number of macro- and trace elements in metabolic processes in the brain and their relationship with the blood vessel growth factor VEGF during the formation of an ischemic focus. Macro- and trace elements are a cofactor of antioxidant enzymes that protect the brain from oxidative stress; they play a key role in dyscirculatory diseases of the brain. The interaction of macro- and trace elements with the neurospecific protein VEGF is a component of ischemic stroke endogenesis.

KEYWORDS: macro- and trace elements, VEGF protein, angiogenesis.