E.D. Namiot1*, G.D. Morozova1,
A.A. Tsibulina2, I.I. Lapin1
1 I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University),
Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
2ANO «Ctnter
for Biotic medicine»,
Zemlyanoy Val str., 46, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation
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ABSTRACT. Recently,
there has been a significant increase in interest in studying the role of
chemical elements in the development of various diseases, including
cardiovascular. Due to the multifactorial nature and complex pathogenesis of
cardiovascular diseases, it can be assumed that there is a connection between
the levels of trace elements in the body and the risk of developing the
disease. There is a lot of data on the role of zinc, copper, selenium, iron,
and calcium in various mechanisms of hypertension, chronic heart failure,
myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. It is necessary
to consider the clinical use of various trace elements, ways to assess the
effectiveness of correction and detection of violations of elemental
composition. Thus, in this work, direct clinical trials were considered, in
which the elemental status appeared in one way or another in patients with CVD
or having complications from the heart and blood vessels. One of the largest
registers of clinical trials was used for the search clinicaltrials.gov. The
search was performed using the words “Cardiovascular Disease” in the “Condition
or disease” field and “trace elements”, “micronutrient”, “disorders”,
“component” in the “other" field. Trials were maintained in which trace
elements were used as an intervention and/or the elemental status was assessed
against the background of cardiovascular pathologies. The final dataset
included 104 clinical trials. Clinical trials were divided depending on the
phase and status, and then based on the pathology studied. The study found that
the largest number of clinical trials were aimed at preventing the development
of cardiovascular diseases (26%). Acute coronary syndrome and diabetes were
among the most frequently studied pathologies (17% and 12%, respectively).
Among the most frequently studied elements, calcium (21%), chromium (10%), and
selenium (10%) were isolated. The results indicate the prevalence of standard
therapies in clinical practice, while the role of trace elements is often
perceived as secondary. The researchers note a significant difference between
the preclinical and clinical stages, which is due to inconsistency in assessing
the effect of the new therapy, as well as criteria that cannot be extrapolated
to real medical practice.
KEYWORDS:
trace elements, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, serum, zinc,
copper.