TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE (MOSCOW)
2015. 16(2): 42-46
ORIGINAL PAPERS

IMPAIRED ADIPOSE TISSUE CHROMIUM AND VANADIUM BALANCE AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF OBESITY-RELATED INSULIN RESISTANCE

А.А. Tinkov 1,2, E.V. Popova 1, E.R. Gatiatulina 1, V.S. Polyakova 1, A.V. Skalny 2,3, A.A. Nikonorov 1

1 Orenburg State Medical University, Sovetskaya str. 6, Orenburg, 460000, Russia
2 P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya str. 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
3 ANO Centre for Biotic Medicine, Zemlyanoi val 46, 105064, Moscow, Russia

DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2015-16-2-42-46 

ABSTRACT. The primary aim of the current study was to assess the adipose tissue chromium and vanadium concentrations in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and to estimate the correlations between adipose tissue metal levels and main markers of obesity. HFD consumption resulted in increased morphometric parameters, like body mass, body mass index, adipose tissue mass. Moreover, an increase in adipocyte cross-sectional area, perimeter, and minimal Feret diameter was observed in HFD-rats, being indicative of obesity development. Prolonged HFD consumption was accompanied by a significant decrease in adipose tissue chromium and vanadium content. The HFD-fed animals were also characterized by a hyperleptinemia, decreased adiponectin/leptin ratio, and increased proinflammatory cytokine levels, being indicative of adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction. Moreover, elevation of HOMA-IR characterized a state of insulin resistance. It was estimated that adipose tissue chromium and vanadium content inversely correlated with morphometric parameters, markers of endocrine dysfunction and insulin resistance. In particular, a significant inverse interrelation was observed between serum leptin levels and adipose tissue Cr and V levels. At the same time, adipose tissue metal content significantly correlated with serum adiponectin concentrations. Serum MCP-1, TNFα and especially IL-6 levels inversely correlated with metal content in adipose tissue. The same interrelation was observed for serum glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR values. The obtained data allow to propose a significant role of impaired adipose tissue chromium and vanadium balance in the development of insulin resistance.

KEYWORDS: obesity, rats, chromium, vanadium, adipose tissue.