TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE (MOSCOW)
2015. 16(2): 28-36
ORIGINAL PAPERS

HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF ALUMINUM OVERDOSE FORMING AMONG HUMANS

N.A. Gres, O.E. Guzik

Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Brovki str., 3, korp. 3, Minsk, 220013, Republic of Belarus

DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2015-16-2-28-36 

ABSTRACT. Prevalence of aluminum excess was investigated among 1737 healthy inhabitants of Belarus 1060 years of age according to elemental analysis of hair using atomic emission spectrometry. Median of aluminum content in different age and gender groups corresponds to the reference average with significantly higher rates in males and children. The excess over the critical level of aluminum in hair (> 20 mg/g) was found in 12.6% cases. The number of examinees with the amount of aluminum in hair on the «level of concern» (risk group for metal toxicosis), is 42.6% with the dominance of children and males. Comparison of the data on elemental analysis of blood and hair in 124 healthy adults aged 1860 years showed both biosubstrates to be informative when determining the extent of body load with aluminum. Only data of the element spectrometry of hair represent objective information about the level of deposit of an antagonist of aluminum  calcium. Physiological significance of the Ca/Al coefficient is formed by age and gender. The coefficient allows detecting formation of aluminum toxicosis in humans by not only absolute but also relative excess of the metal in the organism against calcium deficiency. Contribution of factors (water, food, household sources) forming the body load by aluminum among the inhabitants of Belarus was studied. The ability to control aluminum balance in the system «human  environment» at the present stage of the society development is limited by only one effective way  normalizing the content of metal compounds in drinking water (fixed value). Aluminum daily ingested with food is relatively fixed value. The amount of aluminum coming from a variety of domestic sources can not be precisely measured. This determinates the inability of high-precision calculation of the risk of developing aluminum toxic effects in the population. According to the World Health Organization, now there is a paucity of data regarding aluminum concentrations which have a negative health effect on of people, not occupationally contacted with this metal, which cannot be used to determine specific recommendations.

KEYWORDS: aluminum, calcium, hair, blood, children, adults, water, diet, aluminum metal toxicosis.