ABSTRACT.
Microelements play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) associated with chronic inflammation.
The purpose of the review is to assess magnesium (Mg) intake and the incidence of hypomagnesemia among patients with NCDs, and to summarize the results of studies on the effect of additional Mg intake on the prevention and course of diseases.
Results. Insufficient dietary Mg intake is associated with higher levels of inflammation. On the one hand, hypo-magnesemia can be a risk factor for many diseases associated with chronic inflammation (essential hypertension, overweight, obesity, complicated type 2 diabetes, ischemic stroke), on the other hand, hypomagnesemia can be caused by kidney diseases, including tubular dysfunction, diabetic nephropathy (leading to increased loss of Mg in the urine), as well as the use of certain drugs (diuretics, proton pump inhibitors, and some antibiotics). In type 2 diabetes, obesity, overweight, heart failure, and others, the level of Mg in the blood serum is reduced compared to that of healthy individuals, and deficiency is more common. With reduced Mg levels in obesity, impaired carbohydrate control is observed. In patients with T2DM with hypomagnesemia, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy was higher than in patients with normal Mg levels. In patients with T2DM and heart failure, those with low serum Mg levels had an increased risk of death. A sufficiently long-term (6-12 weeks) additional intake of Mg in various forms (oxide, aspartate, lactate, chloride, citrate or chelate) in doses (250-600 mg) commensurate with the physiological need, not exceeding the upper permissible level of consumption in the composition of dietary supplements to food, leads to an increase in the concentration in the blood serum and has a certain clinical effect in patients with type 2 diabetes (reduction of fasting glucose, HOMA-IR index, postprandial glycemia) and obesity (reduction in BMI) and can be recommended for use in complex diet therapy
Conclusions. Sufficient dietary intake of Mg has a positive effect on reducing the risk of metabolic disorders. The development of many pathological processes can be prevented or slowed down by replenishing insufficient Mg intake. Additional intake of Mg as part of complex diet therapy has a pleiotropic metabolic effect. The advisability of com-pensating for Mg deficiency in nutrition has been proven both for preventive purposes in healthy people and as part of diet therapy for chronic non-communicable diseases.
KEYWORDS: magnesium, chronic non-communicable diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, obesity.
For citation: Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh., Alekseeva R.I., Kodentsova V.M., Plotnikova O.A., Pilipenko V.V. The role of magnesium supply in the prevention and treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Trace elemets in medicine. 2025;26(4):3-14. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2025-26-4-3-10
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Information about the authors:
Kh.Kh. Sharafetdinov – Dr.Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy
E-mail: sharafandr@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0001-6061-0095
R.I. Alekseeva – Ph.D. (Med.), Research Scientist of the Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy
E-mail: ravial@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0003-4129-6971
V.M. Kodentsova – Dr.Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Research Scientist of the Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals
E-mail: kodentsova@ion.ru; ORCID: 0000-0002-5288-1132
O.A. Plotnikova – Ph.D. (Med.), Senior Research Scientist, Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy
E-mail: plot_oks@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0001-8232-8437
V.V. Pilipenko – Ph.D. (Med.), Research Scientist of the Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diet Therapy
E-mail: kushonok9@gmail.com; ORCID: 0000-0002-0628-0854
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
Funding
The study was conducted within the framework of FGMF-2025-0003 without additional funding.
Поступила 5 ноября 2025 года
Принята к публикации 30 ноября 2025 года