ABSTRACT.
Nutritional support for patients during the recovery period is provided through enteral nutrition, containing minerals that promote enzyme synthesis, regulate acid-base balance and osmotic pressure, and are responsible for the action of hormones and vitamins. These minerals are involved in all types of metabolism, affecting immunity, hematopoiesis, and blood clotting. This article presents a literature search of scientific articles in the Scopus, PubMed, and Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) databases, as well as an analytical study of the domestic market for standard enteral nutrition formulas sold through retail chains. It was found that standard enteral nutrition formulas from four manufacturers are available on the domestic market. A classification of standard formulas by protein content and energy value is provided. All standard formula recipes are based on milk protein, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, or their combinations. The protein content in the mixtures ranges from 3.8 to 5.4 g, fat from 3.3 to 6.6 g, and carbohydrates from 12.9 to 18.4 g per 100 ml of the finished product. The complete mineral composition of these products is presented. The total amount of minerals varies between 463.8 and 609.34 mg. An analysis of the percentage satisfaction of the physiological daily mineral requirement for adults with standard enteral nutrition products was conducted.
KEYWORDS: enteral nutrition, minerals, nutritional support, domestic market, standard mixtures.
For citation: Shchetinina E.M., Kochetkova A A., Tarmaeva I.Yu. Analytical study of the mineral composition of standard enteral nutrition mixtures. Trace elemets in medicine. 2025;26(4):3540. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2025-26-4-35-40
REFERENCES
Kochetkova A.A. Specialized products – a vector of innovations in the food industry. Dairy industry. 2022; 10: 49–51. (In Russian).
Luft V.M., Lapitsky A.V., Sergeeva A.M., Kelbetova B.R. Enteral nutrition in palliative medicine: pharmaconutrient characteristics and possibilities of differentiated use of enteral nutritional mixtures. Pallium: palliative and hospice care. 2022; 4(17): 47–53. (In Russian).
Morozova G.D., Namiot E.D., Rylina E.V., Korobaynikova T.V., Tsybulina A.A., Sadykov A.R., Yurasov V.V., Skalny A.V. Study of the relationship between copper and zinc concentrations in blood serum and inflammation markers. Molecular medicine. 2023; 21(5): 36–40. (In Russian). DOI: 10.29296/24999490-2023-05-05.
Nevzorova D.V. Guidelines for nutritional support and rehydration of adults in need of palliative care. Pallium: palliative and hospice care. 2022; 4(17): 12–14. (In Russian).
Malnutrition. WHO. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition (date of access: 03.12.2025). (In Russian).
Pavlov R.V., Timofeeva K.O., Chernykh M.A., Danilin V.N. Safety and benefits of early oral nutrition within the fast-track program among patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2022; 21(2): 81–87. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-2-81-87.
Potskhveria M.M., Goldfarb Yu.S., Matkevich V.A., Ryk A.A. Modern approaches to enteral nutrition in intensive care // Emergency medical care. Journal named after N.V. Sklifosovsky. 2021; 10(1): 108–121. (In Russian). DOI: 10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-108-121.
Skalny A.V. Assessment and correction of the elemental status of the population is a promising direction of domestic healthcare and environmental monitoring. Microelements in Medicine. 2018; 19(1): 5–13. (In Russian). DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2018-19-1-5-13
Starodubova A.V. Can healthy eating be considered a health-preserving tool? Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2022; 92(2): 162–170. (In Russian). DOI: 10.31857/S0869587322020098.
Tutelyan V.A., Nikityuk D.B. Key problems in the structure of food consumption and breakthrough technologies for optimizing nutrition for health preservation of the population of Russia. Nutrition Issues. 2024; 93(1): 6–21. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-6-21.
Fetisova A.S., Tsygankova Ya.A., Kolesnikov A.N. Parenteral and enteral nutrition in critically ill patients, harm or benefit from the "early" introduction of parenteral nutrition in the intensive care unit, basic principles of parenteral nutrition composition (literature review). Military and tactical medicine, emergency medicine. 2024; 1(12): 85–96. (In Russian). DOI: 10.55359/2782-3296.2024.55.98.009.
Baiu I., Spain D.A. Enteral Nutrition. JAMA. 2019; 321(20): 2040. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.4407.
Bechtold M.L., Brown P.M., Escuro A., Grenda B., Johnston T., Kozeniecki M., Limketkai B.N., Nelson K.K., Powers J., Ronan A., Schober N., Strang B.J., Swartz C., Turner J., Tweel L., Walker R., Epp L., Malone A. When is enteral nutrition indicated? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutrition. 2022; 46(7): 1470–1496. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2364.
Deng Y., Ren Y., Wang W., Sun R., Pei H., Song H. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue Summary of the best evidence for the energy and protein intake targets and calculation in critically ill patients. 2023; 35(8): 849–855. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20230130-00043.
Elfadil O.M., Velapati S.R., Patel J., Hurt R.T., Mundi M.S. Curr Enteral Nutrition Therapy: Historical Perspective, Utilization, and Complications. Current Gastroenterol Reports. 2024; 26(8): 200–210. DOI: 10.1007/s11894-024-00934-8.
Ke L., Lin J., Doig G.S., van Zanten A.R.H., Wang Y., Xing J., Zhang Z., Chen T., Zhou L., Jiang D., Shi Q., Lin J., Liu J., Cheng A., Liang Y., Gao P., Sun J., Liu W., Yang Z., Zhang R., Xing W., Zhang A., Zhou Z., Zhou T. Actively implementing an evidence-based feeding guideline for critically ill patients (NEED): a multicenter, cluster-randomized, controlled trial. Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group. 2022; 26(1): 46. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03921-5.
Weimann A., Braga M., Carli F., Higashiguchi T., Hübner M., Klek S., Laviano A., Ljungqvist O., Lobo D. N., Martindale R., Waitzberg D.L., Bischoff S.C., Singer P. ESPEN guideline: clinical nutrition in surgery. Clinical Nutritional. 2017; 36(3): 623–650. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013.