T.V. Monstakova, I.I. Kochish, T.A. Sadovskaya, T.O.
Azarnova
Moscow
State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin,
st. Academician Scriabin, 23, Russia, Moscow, 109472
ABSTRACT. Presently,
the main challenges in turkey breeding are associated with weak resistance of
these birds to stress factors, which inevitably leads to excessively
intensified free-radical processes and lipid peroxidation causing metabolic
disorders and destructive changes in the cells of various tissues and organs.
The stated above, as a number of authors report, causes disorders primarily in
the structures of erythrocytes due to specific nature of the morphological
structure, which determines the development of hemolytic and anemic events. The
foregoing is inevitably associated with hypoxia and acidosis that are
aggravated by impaired functionality of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin buffers
with colloidal protection decreased. In this regard, conditions are created in
the body for crystallization and development of, for example, uric acid
lithiasis. All of the above disorganizes not only metabolic relationships and
the synthesis of macroergs, and reduces antioxidant capabilities of the body,
but also natural resistance and immunity, and damages thermoregulatory
mechanisms, which inevitably negatively affects the viability and quality of
both young birds and adults. In this regard, the research purpose was to study
biochemical aspects of anemic conditions corrected with cobalt glycinate in
turkey poults in early ontogenesis. The biostimulator we have synthesized made
it possible to significantly increase the embryonic viability of the young
birds from the test group, which resulted in increased hatching of turkey
poults and egg hatchability by 6.86% (p<0.05)
and 8.65% (p<0.5), respectively, with malformations and specimens
considered “weak” being significantly fewer. High viability was accompanied by
a higher quality (superiority on the “Pasgar” and “Optistart” scales was 1.1
and 1.4 scores versus the control) and the live weight of the obtained day-old
turkey poults (advantage, 4.2% (p<0.05).
The mentioned above was due to the stimulating effect of the metabolite on the
antioxidant system with the decreased concentration of main lipid peroxidation
products. The change in the lipid peroxidation intensity determined an increase
in the concentration of total protein, albumin, and the enzymatic activity of
tissue catabolism. The stimulating effect of cobalt glycinate led not only to
the preserved integrity of erythrocytes, but also made it possible to ensure
the intensity of hemoglobin synthesis at a physiologically appropriate level
and allow it to sufficiently implement its functions. Thus, the number of
erythrocytes in the blood of the specimens from the test group increased by 11.5%
(p<0.01), and the hemoglobin
concentration, by 3.2% (p<0.05).
Consequently, cobalt glycinate is an effective biostimulator that not only
multifacetedly protects structural blood elements, but also ensures the
maintenance of the physiologically appropriate intensity of heme synthesis.
KEYWORDS: cobalt
glycinate, turkeys, acidosis, erythropoiesis, phospholipases, free-radical
oxidation, lactate.