A.A. Tinkov1,2*, A.L. Mazaletskaya1,
T.V. Korobeinikova2,3, A.R. Grabeklis2,3, Yu.V. Zaitseva1,
E.A. Flerova1, N.F. Kostina4, A.A. Stepanov4
1 P.G. Demidov
Yaroslavl State University,
Sovetskaya str. 14, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia
2 Peoples Friendship University
of Russia,
Mikluho-Maklaya str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
3 I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University),
Trubetskaya str. 8/2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
4 ANO "Center for Biotic Medicine",
Zemlyanoy Val str., d. 46, Moscow, 105064, Russia
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ABSTRACT. The objective
of the present study was to assess the patterns of essential and toxic trace
element accumulation in hair of employable-aged women from, Tver, Yaroslavl,
and Vologda cities.
Materials and methods. A
total of 411 occupationally unexposed women aged 18-60 years old were living in
Tver (n = 150), Yaroslavl (n = 108), and Vologda (n = 153) were examined. Assessment of
trace element content in hair was performed using inductively-coupled plasma
mass-spectrometry.
Results. The obtained
data demonstrate that women living in Tver are characterized by
overaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium, and a trend to higher levels of mercury
in hair. The examinees from Yaroslavl had high hair aluminum content and a
trend to overaccumulation of tin in hair. At the same time, overaccumulation of
toxic metals including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, and lead, was observed in
hair of women from Vologda. Among essential trace elements, the highest levels of
iron, vanadium, and chromium were observed in subjects from Tver. Hair iron
content in examinees from Yaroslavl also frequently exceeded the upper
reference level. In contrast, women living in Yaroslavl and Vologda were
characterized by low hair iron and copper content, being lower than the
reference values for these elements. In subjects from Vologda characterized by
high intensity of lead accumulation, hair zinc content inversely correlated
with lead levels.
Conclusions. Women living
in Tver, Yaroslavl, and Vologda are characterized by distinct patterns of toxic
metal overaccumulation in parallel with increased risk of deficiency of copper
and zinc. The latter may be mediated by excessive lead exposure. The observed
differences in heavy metal accumulation may be associated with the functioning
of various industries being anthropogenic sources of metal emissions, and
therefore may contribute to development of environmental diseases.
KEYWORDS: metals;
pollution; lead; biomonitoring; environmental diseases.