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Trace Elements in Medicine
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THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE USE OF MINERAL WATERS CONTAINING SILICON IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (REVIEW) PART 1. MINERAL WATERS OF THE ESSENTUK GROUP

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Yu.A. Rakhmanin, N.A. Egorova, R.I. Mihajlova, I.N. Ryzhova, M.G. Kochetkova

Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management
of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency,
Pogodinskaya str., 10/1, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation

 

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ABSTRACT. Increasing attention in balneotherapy is paid to the study of silica-containing mineral waters and their positive effects on human health in resort conditions, in clinical practice and at home. It is no coincidence that more than 1/3 of therapeutic-table waters and curative mineral waters are included in GOST R 54316-2020 “Natural mineral drinking waters. General technical conditions” contain metasilicic acid. According to the materials of scientific publications, the GastroScan source system directory and the Thermal springs of the world reference system, silicon-containing mineral waters are found and used in many regions of the Russian Federation. The first part of the review provides information about the mineral waters of the essentuki group – “Essentuki № 2 Novaya”, “Essentuki № 4, № 17” – the location of the sources where they are mined, the composition of these waters, the content of metasilicic acid in them, the results of their use in the treatment, rehabilitation of patients and prevention diseases. The considered essentuki waters turned out to be effective in diseases of the stomach, duodenum, gastroesophageal reflux disease, metabolic syndrome, postoperative conditions, irritable bowel syndrome, liver and gallbladder dysfunctions, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, in the rehabilitation of children with environmentally aggravated anamnesis. In experiments on white male rats, “Essentuki № 4” and “Essentuki № 17” mineral waters stimulated the activity of the body's antioxidant system. However, it should be noted that despite the presence of silicon (10–80 mg/l H2SiO3) in all the considered waters, which, according to GOST R 54316-2020, is one of the main biologically active components in their composition, in the reviewed scientific publications there is no data on the possible role of silicon in the positive effects of these mineral waters.In the 2nd part of the review, the analysis of the results of studies of the balneological application of mineral waters containing silicon will be continued.

KEYWORDS: silicon in mineral waters, “Essentuki № 2, № 4, № 17”, therapeutic and prophylactic use.